Correction & Retraction Policy

ECRL maintains the integrity of the engineering record by promptly addressing errors and ethical breaches through a transparent process.

• Corrections: Substantive errors in analysis or data are corrected via a formal notice indexed in scholarly databases for full traceability.

• Retractions: Validity is considered compromised if there is evidence of falsification or ethical violations. A public notice will state the reason for retraction, and the original file will be watermarked as retracted.

• Transparency: All notices are fully open access.